Diseases

Kyphosis refers to an excessive outward curvature of the thoracic spine. While a mild thoracic curve is physiological, hyperkyphosis is defined as a Cobb angle…

Scoliosis is a complex musculoskeletal condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, typically greater than 10 degrees, often accompanied by vertebral rotation….

A herniated disc occurs when the soft, gelatinous center of an intervertebral disc (nucleus pulposus) pushes through a tear in the tougher exterior ring (annulus…

Spinal stenosis is a clinical condition characterized by the narrowing of the spinal canal, nerve root canals, or intervertebral foramina. This reduction in space leads…

Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) is an X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness. It is a milder allelic variant of Duchenne Muscular…

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a severe, progressive X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by the absence of functional dystrophin protein, leading to systematic skeletal muscle…

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability and the leading known genetic cause of autism spectrum disorder. It results…

Tay-Sachs disease is a rare, fatal, autosomal recessive genetic disorder that causes progressive destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. It is…

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by the inability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine due to a deficiency in the enzyme…

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening, autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by the production of abnormally thick, sticky mucus. This secretion impairs the function of…