Diseases

A hordeolum is an acute, focal, inflammatory infection of the eyelid glands. It typically presents as a painful, erythematous nodule at the lid margin (external)…

A chalazion is a common, localized, inflammatory lipogranuloma of the eyelid caused by the obstruction of a Meibomian gland. Unlike an acute hordeolum (stye), it…

Blepharitis is a chronic, inflammatory condition of the eyelid margins characterized by irritation, redness, and the formation of crusty debris at the base of the…

Uveitis refers to inflammation of the uveal tract—the middle, pigmented layer of the eye comprising the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. It is a spectrum…

Keratitis is the inflammation of the cornea, the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. It can be…

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane lining the eyelid and covering the sclera. It is the most common ocular…

Retinal detachment (RD) is a sight-threatening ophthalmic emergency occurring when the neurosensory retina separates from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This separation disrupts the…

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by progressive damage to the retinal blood vessels. It is a leading cause of…

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a progressive, chronic eye disease that causes central vision loss by damaging the macula, the small area of the retina…

Glaucoma is a group of progressive optic neuropathies characterized by the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons, leading to structural damage to the…