Diseases

Neurogenic bladder refers to bladder dysfunction resulting from neurological damage that disrupts the normal communication between the brain and the bladder. This can lead to…

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a congenital or acquired condition characterized by the abnormal backward flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters and potentially…

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a defect in the renal tubules’ ability to adequately reabsorb bicarbonate or secrete…

Fanconi syndrome is a generalized disorder of the proximal renal tubules characterized by impaired reabsorption of various substances, including glucose, amino acids, phosphate, bicarbonate, and…

Alport syndrome (AS) is a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized by progressive sensorineural hearing loss, ocular abnormalities, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is…

Uremia is a clinical syndrome characterized by the buildup of metabolic waste products and toxins in the blood, occurring when the kidneys can no longer…

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues….

IgA nephropathy (IgAN), also known as Berger’s disease, is a chronic kidney disease characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the glomeruli. This…

Hydronephrosis is the aseptic dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys, caused by an accumulation of urine. It typically results…

Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS) is the narrowing of one or both of the renal arteries, which supply blood to the kidneys. This restriction of blood…