Diseases

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), occurring over hours to days. This leads…

A liver abscess is a localized, pus-filled cavity within the hepatic parenchyma. It is primarily caused by bacterial (pyogenic), parasitic (amebic), or rarely fungal invasions….

Acute cholangitis is a potentially life-threatening bacterial infection of the biliary tree. It typically occurs as a result of a combination of biliary tract obstruction…

Choledocholithiasis is the presence of one or more gallstones within the common bile duct (CBD). These stones can obstruct bile flow, leading to cholestasis, biliary…

Budd-Chiari Syndrome (BCS) is a rare, life-threatening disorder characterized by the obstruction of hepatic venous outflow, ranging from the small hepatic venules to the junction…

Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) is a life-threatening, reversible form of functional renal failure occurring in patients with advanced chronic liver disease, liver failure, or portal hypertension….

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a spectrum of reversible neuropsychiatric abnormalities occurring in patients with significant liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunts. It is characterized by cognitive,…

Portal hypertension is defined as a pathological elevation of blood pressure within the portal venous system, characterized by a Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient (HVPG) exceeding…

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD) is an inherited autosomal co-dominant genetic disorder characterized by low circulating levels of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), a protease inhibitor. While primarily…

Hemochromatosis is a multisystem disorder characterized by excessive intestinal absorption of dietary iron, leading to progressive iron deposition in parenchymal tissues such as the liver,…