Diseases

Hypoglycemia is a clinical syndrome characterized by abnormally low plasma glucose concentrations (typically defined as

Hypocalcemia is an endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood. It is defined biochemically as a total serum…

Hypercalcemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by serum calcium concentrations above the upper limit of normal (>10.5 mg/dL or >2.62 mmol/L; ionized calcium >1.35 mmol/L)….

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a life-threatening endocrine disorder characterized by the inadequate production or action of adrenal cortex hormones, primarily cortisol. It is classified into…

Grave’s Ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder characterized by swelling of the extraocular muscles, orbital fat expansion, and connective tissue remodeling. It is most commonly…

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by enzymatic defects in the adrenal steroidogenesis pathway. This leads to impaired cortisol…

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent, heterogeneous endocrine-metabolic disorder affecting individuals of reproductive age. It is characterized by a combination of hyperandrogenism (clinical…

Hypopituitarism is a clinical syndrome characterized by a partial or complete deficiency in the secretion of one or more hormones produced by the anterior or…

A prolactinoma is a benign, prolactin-secreting epithelial tumor (adenoma) of the lactotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland. It is the most common type of…

Sheehan’s syndrome is a form of hypopituitarism caused by ischemic necrosis of the anterior pituitary gland, resulting from severe postpartum hemorrhage and systemic hypotension during…